Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English - against
Связанные словари
Against
against
~ S1 W1 prep 1 opposed to or disagreeing with an idea, belief, proposal etc (votes for and against the motion | It's against my principles to borrow money. | Several members spoke against the proposal.) be ~ sth (I'm against all forms of hunting.) ~ sb's wishes (=when you know someone does not want something to happen) (They got married against her wishes.) ~ sb's will (=when someone is forced to do something) (She has been kept in the house against her will.)
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1.
Frequency: The word is one of the 700 most common words in English. Note: In addition to the uses shown below, 'against' is used in phrasal verbs such as ‘come up against’, ‘guard against’, and ‘hold against’. 1. If one thing is leaning or pressing against another, it is touching it. She leaned against him... On a table pushed against a wall there were bottles of beer and wine. ...the rain beating against the window panes. PREP 2. If you are against something such as a plan, policy, or system, you think it is wrong, bad, or stupid. Taxes are unpopular–it is understandable that voters are against them... Joan was very much against commencing drug treatment. ...a march to protest against job losses. PREP • Against is also an adverb. The vote for the suspension of the party was 283 in favour with 29 against. ADV: ADV after v 3. If you compete against someone in a game, you try to beat them. The tour will include games against the Australian Barbarians... PREP 4. If you take action against someone or something, you try to harm them. Security forces are still using violence against opponents of the government. PREP 5. If you take action against a possible future event, you try to prevent it. ...the fight against crime... I must warn you against raising your hopes. PREP 6. If you do something against someone’s wishes, advice, or orders, you do not do what they want you to do or tell you to do. He discharged himself from hospital against the advice of doctors. PREP 7. If you do something in order to protect yourself against something unpleasant or harmful, you do something which will make its effects on you less serious if it happens. A business needs insurance against risks such as fire and flood... PREP 8. If you have something against someone or something, you dislike them. Have you got something against women, Les?... PHRASE: V inflects, PHR n 9. If something is against the law or against the rules, there is a law or a rule which says that...Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner's English Dictionary
2.
I. preposition Etymology: Middle English, alteration of againes, from again Date: 13th century 1. a. in opposition or hostility to spoke ~ his enemies b. contrary to ~ the law c. in competition with racing ~ each other d. as a basis for disapproval of had nothing ~ him 2. a. directly opposite ; facing she sat down just over ~ me — Daniel Defoe b. obsolete exposed to 3. compared or contrasted with profits are up ~ last year 4. a. in preparation or provision for saving ~ an uncertain future b. as a defense or protection from a shelter ~ the cold 5. a. in the direction of and into contact with knocked ~ the ropes b. in contact with leaning ~ the wall 6. in a direction opposite to the motion or course of ; counter to sail ~ the wind 7. a. as a counterbalance to weighing risk ~ profit b. in exchange for a lower rate ~ the dollar c. as a charge on charged ~ her account 8. before the background of viewed ~ the sky II. conjunction Date: 14th century archaic in preparation for the time when throw on another log of wood ~ father comes home — Charles Dickens ...Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary
3.
prep. 1 in opposition to (fight against the invaders; am against hanging; arson is against the law). 2 into collision or in contact with (ran against a rock; lean against the wall; up against a problem). 3 to the disadvantage of (his age is against him). 4 in contrast to (against a dark background; 99 as against 102 yesterday). 5 in anticipation of or preparation for (against his coming; against a rainy day; protected against the cold; warned against pickpockets). 6 as a compensating factor to (income against expenditure). 7 in return for (issued against payment of the fee). Phrases and idioms against the clock see CLOCK(1) 3. against the grain see GRAIN. against time see TIME. Etymology: ME ayenes etc. f. ayen AGAIN + -t as in amongst: see AMONG ...Толковый словарь английского языка Oxford English Reference
4.
по отношению, в зависимости от – as against – against the temperature AGAINST 1) общ. против (указывает на несогласие с чем-либо) to advise against - не советовать, не рекомендовать, to appeal against - опротестовывать, обжаловать, to protest against - протестовать против, возражать против, to be against - быть против, возражать, to vote against - голосовать против (чего-либо или кого-либо) 2) общ. вопреки, против, несмотря на (указывает на противодействие чему-либо) against the will - против воли, насильно 3) общ. против (о словах или действиях, направленных против кого-либо) to fraud against creditors - обман кредиторов, to witness against - свидетельствовать против, давать показания против, to bring a charge against - предъявлять обвинение (кому-либо), to bring a suit against - возбудить иск против (кого-либо), to wage a war against terrorism - вести войну с терроризмом, discrimination against women - дискриминация женщин 4) общ. против, в отличие от, по сравнению, в сравнении (при противопоставлении чему-либо или сравнении с чем-либо) actual results against plan - фактические результаты по сравнению с планом; In 1999, the gross domestic product decreased by 2.3% as against 1998. - В 1999 г. ВВП уменьшился на 2, 3 % по сравнению с 1998 г. 5) общ. на случай, от (указывает на подготовку к чему-либо нежелательному) against the rainy day - на...Англо-русский Русско-английский экономический словарь
5.
1. указывает на: 2. противодействие чему-л или несогласие с чем-л: 3. против to fight against smb., smth. —- бороться против кого-л, чего-л to warn against smth. —- предостерегать против чего-л to vote against smb., smth. —- голосовать против кого-л, чего-л twenty votes against ten —- двадцать голосов против десяти are you for or against the plan? —- вы поддерживаете этот план или нет? I have nothing to say against it —- мне нечего возразить против этого 4. вопреки I have trusted you against everything —- я верила вам несмотря ни на что against reason —- вопреки разуму to hope against hope —- надеяться вопреки всему; не терять надежды в безнадежном положении 5. движение в противоположную сторону: против to sail against the wind —- плыть против ветра against the clock —- против часовой стрелки against the sun —- в сторону, противоположную движению солнца, с запада на восток against the hair —- тех. против волокна; против шерсти; не по вкусу, не по душе 6. нахождение на противоположной стороне: против over against —- напротив, на противоположной стороне over against the school —- прямо против школы 7. местоположение около чего-л, рядом с чем-л.: у a piano stood against the wall —- у стены стояло пианони the house was built against a hill —- дом был построен у самого холма 8. соприкоснование или столкновение с чем-л.: по, о, к the...Новый большой англо-русский словарь
6.
nature противоестественный; AGAINST the background на фоне AGAINST the collar с большим напряжением AGAINST the current против течения AGAINST prep. 1) указывает на противоположное направление или положение против against the hair - против волокна или шерсти; fig. против шерсти he went against the wind - он шел против ветра 2) указывает на опору, фон, препятствие о, об, по, на, к against a dark background - на темном фоне she leaned against the fence - она прислонилась к забору a ladder standing against the wall - лестница, прислоненная к стене to knock against a stone - споткнуться о камень 3) указывает на непосредственное соседство рядом, у the house against the cinema - дом рядом с кинотеатром 4) указывает на столкновение или соприкосновение на, с to run against a rock - наскочить на скалу he ran against his brother - он столкнулся со своим братом 5) указывает на определенный срок к, на against the end of the month - к концу месяца 6) указывает на противодействие, несогласие с чем-л. против to struggle against difficulties - бороться с трудностями she did it against my will - она сделала это против моей воли 7) указывает на подготовку к чему-л. на, про to store up food against winter - запастись едой на зиму against a rainy day - про черный день to be up against (it) - стоять перед задачей; встретить трудности to work against time - стараться кончить...Англо-русский словарь
7.
- M.E. agenes "in oppositon to," from agen "again," with adverbial genetive and a parasitic -t that turned up c.1300. ...Английский Этимологический словарь
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